Journal
BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS
Volume 4, Issue 4, Pages 612-622Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/batt.202000195
Keywords
lithium-sulfur battery; confined sulfur; cathode-electrolyte interphase; microporous carbon; porosity influence
Funding
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Japanese-German Cooperation on Battery project [03XP0229A]
- Projekt DEAL
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This study investigates the use of microporous carbon/sulfur composites in Li-S batteries, showing that confining sulfur in microporous materials can lead to the formation of a protective SEI layer, allowing for reversible cycling in carbonate-based electrolytes. The research highlights the importance of porous carbon host materials in the formation of essential cathodic SEI layer in Li-S batteries.
The use of sulfur is advantageous in next generation lithium batteries replacing scarce metals and leading to enhanced specific energy compared to established energy storage devices. Herein, the utilization of microporous (d<2 nm) carbon/sulfur composites using a carbonate-based electrolyte is studied to obtain more insights into the formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the cathode surface in Li-S cells. The sulfur was confined in model carbide-derived carbon (CDC) system with uniform micropores as well as in commercial microporous activated carbon materials. The molecular structure of sulfur in the pores is characterized by means of EXAFS spectroscopy. The electrochemical evaluation of confined sulfur cathodes revealed quasi solid-state transformation mechanism as well as the generation of a protective SEI layer on the cathode surface. This cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) allows common microporous carbon/sulfur cathodes to reversibly cycle in carbonate-based electrolyte, while mesoporous systems show rapid capacity fade due to leaky CEIs. Based on this result, the influence of the porosity of the porous carbon host materials on the essential cathodic SEI layer formation is discussed for carbonate-based electrolytes in Li-S batteries.
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