Journal
ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT
Volume 38, Issue 1, Pages 371-400Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10490-018-9639-z
Keywords
Servant leadership; Meta-analysis; Social exchange theory; Cultural factors; Incremental validity
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Funding
- Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [71602163, 71802077]
- Ministry of Education in China Project of Humanities and Social Sciences [16YJC630171]
- Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China [71790593]
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The study found that servant leadership is positively related to job-related outcomes, leader-related outcomes, and group-related outcomes, and is influenced by cultural factors. The incremental validity of servant leadership was examined by considering transformational leadership. Overall, the importance of servant leadership in management research is gradually being recognized.
The past decade has witnessed growing interests in empirically examining the effectiveness of servant leadership in management research. Our study reviews the literature on servant leadership and analyzes the relationship between servant leadership and its outcome variables. Drawing on social exchange theory, this study uses meta-analysis and find that servant leadership is positively related to followers' job-related outcomes (e.g., psychological empowerment, organizational commitment, service quality), leader-related outcomes (e.g., leader effectiveness), and group-related outcomes (e.g., group service performance). Further, we find that the relationships between servant leadership and its outcomes are moderated by cultural factors (i.e., traditionality, masculinity, individualism, and power distance). Finally, we examine the incremental validity of servant leadership by taking transformational leadership into account and comparing their effects on job performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) via leader-member exchange (LMX). Implications for theory and practice are discussed, and an agenda for future research is proposed.
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