Journal
PRX QUANTUM
Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PRXQuantum.2.010201
Keywords
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Funding
- DFG [EI 519/91, EI 519/14-1, CRC 183]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) via the Emmy Noether grant [441423094]
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This tutorial explains prominent protocols for certifying the physical layer of quantum devices, including methods such as direct quantum-state certification, direct fidelity estimation, and randomized benchmarking, aiming to address the challenge of certifying the correct functioning of complex quantum systems.
The precise control of complex quantum systems promises numerous technological applications including digital quantum computing. The complexity of such devices renders the certification of their correct functioning a challenge. To address this challenge, numerous methods were developed in the last decade. In this tutorial, we explain prominent protocols for certifying the physical layer of quantum devices described by quantum states and processes. Such protocols are particularly important in the development of near-term devices. Specifically, we discuss methods of direct quantum-state certification, direct-fidelity estimation, shadow-fidelity estimation, direct quantum-process certification, randomized benchmarking, and cross-entropy benchmarking. Moreover, we provide an introduction to powerful mathematical methods, which are widely used in quantum-information theory, in order to derive theoretical guarantees for the protocols.
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