Trends in Gunshot Residue Detection by Electrochemical Methods for Forensic Purpose

Gunshot Residue (GSR) has been a subject of interest for the forensic fraternity. Numerous analytical contributions towards the GSR analysis have been reported. Sensitivity, portability, cost-effectiveness, speed, etc. are such factors of electrochemical methods that have attracted the researchers across the globe to test the applicability of these as a potential analytical tool for forensic evaluation of GSR. With the development of scientific technology, efforts have been made towards the hand-held device for the on-field analysis of GSR. Recently, chemometric treatment of data generated from the electrochemical analysis of GSR has offered more effective approach. It makes the analysis more conclusive and minimizes the chances of false-positive detection. It will be very fruitful to anticipate the analytical potential of electrochemical tools for GSR analysis. This article reviews the research progress towards the development of electrochemical sensor for GSR detection reported during 2013-2020 along with challenges and future perspectives.

Automated summary

Gunshot Residue (GSR) analysis has attracted global researchers due to factors like sensitivity, portability, cost-effectiveness, and speed associated with electrochemical methods. Recent developments include chemometric treatment of data to enhance analysis effectiveness and reduce false-positive detection, showing promising potential for electrochemical tools in GSR analysis.