Nonequilibrium pattern formation in circularly confined two-dimensional systems with competing interactions

We numerically investigate the nonequilibrium behaviors of classic particles with competing interactions confined in a two-dimensional logarithmic trap. We reveal a quench-induced surprising dynamics exhibiting rich dynamic patterns depending upon confinement strength and trap size, which is attributed to the time-dependent competition between interparticle repulsions and attractions under a circular confinement. Moreover, in the collectively diffusive motions of the particles, we find that the emergence of dynamic structure transformation coincides with a diffusive mode transition from superdiffusion to subdiffusion. These findings are likely useful in understanding the pattern selection and evolution in various chemical and biological systems in addition to modulated systems, and add a new route to tailoring the morphology of pattern-forming systems.

Automated summary

This study investigates the nonequilibrium behaviors of classic particles with competing interactions in a two-dimensional logarithmic trap. The research reveals a surprising dynamics induced by a quench, showing rich dynamic patterns that depend on confinement strength and trap size under circular confinement. Furthermore, the emergence of dynamic structure transformation in collectively diffusive motions coincides with a mode transition from superdiffusion to subdiffusion.