Journal
JOURNAL OF PEASANT STUDIES
Volume 48, Issue 2, Pages 231-253Publisher
ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/03066150.2020.1839053
Keywords
Pesticides; political economy; agrarian change
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Agriculture is increasingly dependent on pesticides, with global imports growing rapidly and industry structures shifting. This has led to a more complex pesticide market with increased demand and changes in supply chains.
Agriculture is now more dependent on pesticides than ever. The value of global pesticide imports increased 3x faster in the 2000s than in the 1990s. Structural transformations in the industry - including reduced innovation, increased regulatory costs, consolidation, and a dramatic shift to generic pesticides largely produced in China - have shifted prices, supply chains and formulations. The 'supermarket revolution', migration, and rising labor costs are driving an increase in demand. The result is a pesticide complex that is multipolar, where commodity chains and environmental impacts are less legible, requiring a hard look at the chemical nature of agrarian capitalism.
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