Bioactive 3D porous cobalt-doped alginate/waterborne polyurethane scaffolds with a coral reef-like rough surface for nerve tissue engineering application

Nerve injuries in the central or peripheral nervous system threaten human health and hinder social development, and effectively repairing or regenerating nerve tissues remains a huge challenge. The rise of tissue engineering strategies has brought new Eight for this. Similar to the extracellular matrix, biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds can provide biophysical and biochemical cues to guide cell behaviors and support tissue growth. Here, we prepared a hybrid cobalt-doped alginate/waterborne polyurethane 3D porous scaffold with nano-topology of a coral reef-like rough surface via two-step freeze-drying. The experimental results demonstrated that the coral reef-like rugged surface topology and bioactive cobalt dopant synergistically promote the neurite outgrowth and up-regulate the synaptophysin expression of neuron-like cells PC12 on the scaffold. Furthermore, the scaffold notably relieved the inflammatory response of microglial cells BV2 with the transformation from pro-inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. We believe that this 3D porous scaffold offers bright design inspiration for neural tissue engineering scaffolds and holds potential applications in nerve repair.

Automated summary

The hybrid cobalt-doped alginate/waterborne polyurethane 3D porous scaffold prepared in this study, with a nano-topology resembling a coral reef-like surface, showed promising potential for promoting neurite outgrowth and up-regulating synaptophysin expression of neuron-like cells PC12. Additionally, the scaffold could relieve inflammatory response of microglial cells BV2 and induce a transformation from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotype, suggesting its application in nerve repair and bright design inspiration for neural tissue engineering scaffolds.