Semiconductor qubits in practice

Semiconductor qubits are expected to have diverse future quantum applications. This Review discusses semiconductor qubit implementations from the perspective of an ecosystem of applications, such as quantum simulation, sensing, computation and communication. In the past decade, semiconducting qubits have made great strides in overcoming decoherence, improving the prospects for scalability and have become one of the leading contenders for the development of large-scale quantum circuits. In this Review, we describe the current state of the art in semiconductor charge and spin qubits based on gate-controlled semiconductor quantum dots, shallow dopants and colour centres in wide-bandgap materials. We frame the relative strengths of the different semiconductor qubit implementations in the context of applications such as quantum simulation, computing, sensing and networks. By highlighting the status and future perspectives of the basic types of semiconductor qubits, this Review aims to serve as a technical introduction for non-specialists and a forward-looking reference for scientists intending to work in this field.

Automated summary

This review discusses the implementation of semiconductor qubits in various quantum applications and highlights their potential in advancing quantum simulation, computation, sensing, and communication. It describes the advancements in semiconductor charge and spin qubits and emphasizes their role as leading contenders for large-scale quantum circuits. The review aims to provide a technical introduction for non-specialists and serve as a forward-looking reference for scientists entering the field.