Journal
NANOSCALE
Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 2658-2664Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08202c
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Funding
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program [DGE-1842165]
- MSN program of the National Science Foundation [1808590]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-99ER14999]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC0206CH11357]
- DOE Office of Science [DE-AC0206CH11357]
- MRSEC program of the National Science Foundation at the Materials Research Center of Northwestern University [DMR-1720139]
- Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource [NSF ECCS-1542205]
- Division Of Chemistry
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1808590] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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In this study, the photothermal response of titanium nitride nanoparticles was investigated using transient X-ray diffraction, revealing dynamic changes in lattice temperature under different excitation intensities. It was found that increasing excitation intensity leads to slower increases in lattice temperature, indicating higher heat capacity at higher powers. Additionally, higher excitation intensity was also found to result in unexpectedly slower cooling of the nanoparticles, attributed to heating of the solvent near the nanoparticle surface.
The photothermal properties of metal nitrides have recently received significant attention owing to diverse applications in solar energy conversion, photothermal therapies, photoreactions, and thermochromic windows. Here, the photothermal response of titanium nitride nanoparticles is examined using transient X-ray diffraction, in which optical excitation is synchronized with X-ray pulses to characterize dynamic changes in the TiN lattice. Photoinduced diffraction data is quantitatively analyzed to determine increases in the TiN lattice spacing, which are furthermore calibrated against static, temperature-dependent diffraction patterns of the same samples. Measurements of 20 nm and 50 nm diameter TiN nanoparticles reveal transient lattice heating from room temperature up to similar to 175 degrees C for the highest pump fluences investigated here. Increasing excitation intensity drives sublinear increases in lattice temperature, due to increased heat capacity at the higher effective temperatures achieved at higher powers. Temporal dynamics show that higher excitation intensity drives not only higher lattice temperatures, but also unexpectedly slower cooling of the TiN nanoparticles, which is attributed to heating of the solvent proximal to the nanoparticle surface.
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