4.5 Article

Skewness of mean transverse momentum fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions

Journal

PHYSICAL REVIEW C
Volume 103, Issue 2, Pages -

Publisher

AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.103.024910

Keywords

-

Funding

  1. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico (CNPq) [312932/20189]
  2. INCT-FNA Grant [464898/2014-5]
  3. FAPESP [2018/24720-6]
  4. USP-COFECUB [Uc Ph 160-16, 2015/13]
  5. Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
  6. US-DOE Nuclear Science Grant [DE-SC0020633]
  7. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy [EXC 2181/1 -390900948, SFB 1225, FL 736/3-1]

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The study proposes the skewness of mean transverse momentum fluctuations as a probe of hydrodynamic behavior in relativistic nuclear collisions, predicting a positive skew significantly larger than if particles were emitted independently. The large positive skewness of these fluctuations is postulated to be a generic prediction of hydrodynamic models, elucidated through generic formulas relating the fluctuations of < p(t)> to early-time thermodynamic quantities.
We propose the skewness of mean transverse momentum < p(t)> fluctuations as a fine probe of hydrodynamic behavior in relativistic nuclear collisions. We describe how the skewness of the < p(t)> distribution can be analyzed experimentally, and we use hydrodynamic simulations to predict its value. We predict, in particular, that < p(t)> fluctuations have positive skew, which is significantly larger than if particles were emitted independently. We elucidate the origin of this result by deriving generic formulas relating the fluctuations of < p(t)> to the fluctuations of the early-time thermodynamic quantities. We postulate that the large positive skewness of < p(t)> fluctuations is a generic prediction of hydrodynamic models.

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