Electrocatalytic redox neutral [3+2] annulation of N-cyclopropylanilines and alkenes

Although synthetic organic electrochemistry (EC) has advanced significantly, net redox neutral electrosynthesis is quite rare. Two approaches have been employed to achieve this type of electrosynthesis. One relies on turnover of the product by the reactant in a chain mechanism. The other involves both oxidation on the anode and reduction on the cathode in which the radical cation or the radical anion of the product has to migrate between two electrodes. Herein, a home-built electrochemistry/mass spectrometry (EC/MS) platform was used to generate an N-cyclopropylaniline radical cation electrochemically and to monitor its reactivity toward alkenes by mass spectrometry (MS), which led to the discovery of a new redox neutral reaction of intermolecular [3 + 2] annulation of N-cyclopropylanilines and alkenes to provide an aniline-substituted 5-membered carbocycle via direct electrolysis (yield up to 81%). A chain mechanism, involving the regeneration of the substrate radical cation and the formation of the neutral product, is shown to be responsible for promoting such a redox neutral annulation reaction, as supported by experimental evidence of EC/MS.

Automated summary

In this study, a new redox neutral reaction involving intermolecular [3 + 2] annulation of N-cyclopropylanilines and alkenes was discovered through electrochemical methods, with a yield of up to 81%. This reaction was achieved by generating an N-cyclopropylaniline radical cation electrochemically and monitoring its reactivity toward alkenes using mass spectrometry. The reaction mechanism was shown to involve a chain mechanism, as supported by experimental evidence from the EC/MS platform.