Journal
CRITICAL CARE
Volume 25, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03468-x
Keywords
Cytosorb (R); Blood purification; Rhabdomyolysis; Myoglobin; Acute kidney injury
Categories
Funding
- Projekt DEAL
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This study investigated if using Cytosorb during high-flux dialysis could successfully eliminate myoglobin in patients with severe rhabdomyolysis. The results showed significant reduction of myoglobin levels with Cytosorb treatment, but the effect may be limited in patients with ongoing rhabdomyolysis. Prospective clinical trials are needed to further explore the benefits of this approach in preventing permanent kidney damage.
BackgroundRhabdomyolysis is frequently occurring in critically ill patients, resulting in a high risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and potentially permanent kidney damage due to increased myoglobin levels. The extracorporeal elimination of myoglobin might be an approach to prevent AKI, but its molecular weight of 17 kDa complicates an elimination with conventional dialysis membranes. Question of interest is, if myoglobin can be successfully eliminated with the cytokine adsorber Cytosorb (R) (CS) integrated in a high-flux dialysis system.MethodsPatients were included between 10/2014 and 05/2020 in the study population if they had an anuric renal failure with the need of renal replacement therapy, if CS therapy was longer than 90 min and if myoglobin level was>5.000 ng/ml before treatment. The measurement times of the laboratory values were: d-1=24-36 h before CS, d0=shortly before starting CS and d1=12-24 h after starting CS treatment. Statistical analysis were performed with Spearman's correlation coefficient, Wilcoxon test with associated samples and linear regression analysis.ResultsForty-three patients were included in the evaluation (median age: 56 years, 77% male patients, 32.6% ECMO therapy, median SAPS II: 80 points and in-hospital mortality: 67%). There was a significant equilateral correlation between creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin at all measurement points. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction of myoglobin (p=0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): -9030, -908 ng/ml) during CS treatment, with a median relative reduction of 29%. A higher median reduction of 38% was seen in patients without ongoing rhabdomyolysis (CK decreased during CS treatment, n=21). In contrast, myoglobin levels did not relevantly change in patients with increasing CK and therefore ongoing rhabdomyolysis (n=22, median relative reduction 4%). Moreover, there was no significant difference in myoglobin elimination in patients with and without ECMO therapy.ConclusionBlood purification with Cytosorb (R) during high-flux dialysis led to a significant reduction of myoglobin in patients with severe rhabdomyolysis. The effect might be obscured by sustained rhabdomyolysis, which was seen in patients with rising CK during treatment. Prospective clinical trials would be useful in investigating its benefits in avoiding permanent kidney damage.
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