Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes: clinical presentations and management

We provide an overview of the varied presentations of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. We also review the onconeural antibodies and their particular oncological and neurological associations. Recognition of these syndromes and their oncological associations is crucial, as early diagnosis and management has been associated with better patient outcomes. Specific management strategies and prognosis vary widely depending on the underlying etiology. An understanding of the relevant clinical details, imaging findings, and other diagnostic information can help tailor treatment approaches. We provide an outline of the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of various paraneoplastic neurological disorders, presenting with central and/or peripheral nervous system involvement. We briefly discuss neurologic immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse events, which can occasionally present with paraneoplastic neurological syndrome phenotypes.

Automated summary

This article provides an overview of the varied presentations of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes including onconeural antibodies and their associations, stressing the importance of early diagnosis and management for better patient outcomes. Management strategies and prognosis vary widely depending on underlying etiology, and tailoring treatment approaches based on relevant clinical information is crucial. Additionally, the article briefly discusses neurologic immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse events that may present with paraneoplastic neurological syndrome phenotypes.