Distribution and origin of sedimentary organic matter in an eutrophic estuary: Pina Sound - NE Brazil

Eutrophic estuaries receive organic matter (OM) inputs from multiple sources. This study evaluated the distribution and origin of sedimentary OM in an eutrophic estuary (Pina Sound, NE Brazil). Thirteen samples were collected in the sublittoral in addition to major local sources. Biochemical (chlorophyll - Chl), elemental [(C/N)(3) and C/S ratios] and isotopic (delta N-15 and delta C-13) analyses were carried out for characterizing OM and redox conditions. The SIAR mixing model was used to quantify contribution from main sources. At Pina Sound, distribution of OM is associated with mud, reflecting the hydrodynamics control on deposition of suspended particles. Microphytobenthic production is limited ([Chl a] < 1000 mu g/g organic carbon) in the sublittoral where the Chl degradation products prevail (mean [Pheopigments] = 2643 +/- 958 mu g/g organic carbon). Anoxic conditions (C/S ratio similar or equal to 2) are typically observed in sediments of deeper portions of Pina Sound. Such sediments receive high organic loads and are subject to poor water renewal. According to SIAR mixing model, sedimentary OM of Pina Sound is composed of, on average: 50% phytoplankton, 24% sewage and 26% C-3 plants. This reflects fertilization of Pina Sound with high loads of untreated sewage. Pina Sound has a great potential to retain sewage-derived OM.

Automated summary

The study revealed that the sedimentary organic matter in Pina Sound primarily originates from phytoplankton, sewage, and C-3 plants, with sewage significantly affecting its nutrient load. Additionally, the high organic load results in anoxic conditions in the sediments of Pina Sound.