Opening the 1 Hz axion window

An axion-like particle (ALP) with mass m(phi) similar to 10(-15) eV oscillates with frequency similar to 1 Hz. This mass scale lies in an open window of astrophysical constraints, and appears naturally as a consequence of grand unification (GUT) in string/M-theory. However, with a GUT-scale decay constant such an ALP overcloses the Universe, and cannot solve the strong CP problem. In this paper, we present a two axion model in which the 1 Hz ALP constitutes the entirety of the dark matter (DM) while the QCD axion solves the strong CP problem but contributes negligibly to the DM relic density. The mechanism to achieve the correct relic densities relies on low-scale inflation (m(phi) less than or similar to H-inf less than or similar to 1 MeV), and we present explicit realisations of such a model. The scale in the axion potential leading to the 1 Hz axion generates a value for the strong CP phase which oscillates around theta QCD similar to 10-12, within reach of the proton storage ring electric dipole moment experiment. The 1 Hz axion is also in reach of near future laboratory and astrophysical searches.

Automated summary

The study introduces a two axion model where a 10(-15) eV axion-like particle oscillating at 1 Hz constitutes all of the dark matter, while the QCD axion solves the strong CP problem. Achieving the correct relic densities relies on low-scale inflation, and the scale in the axion potential generates a CP phase within reach of experimental detection. The 1 Hz axion is also accessible to near-future laboratory and astrophysical searches.