Journal
FUNGAL BIOLOGY
Volume 121, Issue 3, Pages 264-284Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.12.004
Keywords
Hypogeous fungi; Pezizales anamorphs; Truffle evolution
Categories
Funding
- North Star STEM Alliance from the MN Department of Natural Resources (CFMS) [B29011]
- Iowa Department of Natural Resources (GS) [93520]
- Iowa Academy of Science (ISF Grant) [13-02]
- USA National Science Foundation [DEB-1354802]
- Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) at the University of Florida [FLA-PLP-005289]
- CONICET, PIP, Argentina [6193]
- JSPS KAKENHI [25840149]
- David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies at Harvard University
- Administracion de Parques Nacionales [720]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [25840149] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Truffle species within the /tarzetta-geopyxis lineage share smooth, globose, hyaline spores, but differ in the amount of convolution of hymenia in ascomata. The relationships among truffle species in this lineage have historically been confused. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS and 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA from recently collected members of the /tarzetta-geopyxis lineage from Asia, Austral Asia, North America, and South America prompted a reinvestigation of species and generic limits in the truffle genera Hydnocystis, Paurocotylis, and Stephensia. Our analyses support emendations of Hydnocystis and Paurocotylis, abandonment of Stephensia and the resurrection of the genus Densocarpa. Nomenclatural changes include the transfer of Stephensia bombycina to Hydnocystis, the transfer of Hydnocystis singeri and Stephensia bynurnn to Paurocotylis, the reinstatement of Densocarpa for Stephensia shanori and transfer of Stephensia crocea to Densocarpa. This is the first detection of the genus Paurocotylis in the Americas. We describe three new species, Hydnocystis transitoria from North America, Paurocotylis patagonica from South America, and Paurocotylis watlingii from Australia. Our work highlights the unexplored diversity, morphological plasticity, and remaining taxonomic problems among truffles in the /tarzettageopyxis lineage. (C) 2017 British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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