Topical anesthetic and pain relief using penetration enhancer and transcriptional transactivator peptide multi-decorated nanostructured lipid carriers

Many strategies have been developed to overcome the stratum corneum (SC) barrier, including functionalized nanostructures. Chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs) and cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) were applied to decorate nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for topical anesthetic and pain relief. A novel pyrenebutyrate (PB-PEG-DSPE) compound was synthesized by the amide action of the carboxylic acid group of PB with the amido groups of DSPE-PEG. PB-PEG-DSPE has a hydrophobic group, hydrophilic group, and lipid group. The lipid group can be inserted into NLC to form PB functional NLC. In order to improve the penetrability, TAT and PB multi-decorated NLC were designed for the delivery of lidocaine hydrochloride (LID) (TAT/PB LID NLC). The therapeutic effects of NLC in terms of in vitro skin penetration and in vivo in animal models were further studied. The size of TAT/PB LID NLC tested by DLS was 153.6 +/- 4.3 nm. However, the size of undecorated LID NLC was 115.3 +/- 3.6 nm. The PDI values of NLC vary from 0.13 +/- 0.01 to 0.16 +/- 0.03. Zeta potentials of NLC were negative, between -20.7 and -29.3 mV. TAT/PB LID NLC (851.2 +/- 25.3 mu g/cm(2)) showed remarkably better percutaneous penetration ability than PB LID NLC (610.7 +/- 22.1 mu g/cm(2)), TAT LID NLC (551.9 +/- 21.8 mu g/cm(2)) (p < .05) and non-modified LID NLC (428.2 +/- 21.4 mu g/cm(2)). TAT/PB LID NLC exhibited the most prominent anesthetic effect than single ligand decorated or undecorated LID NLC in vivo. The resulting TAT/PB LID NLC exhibited good skin penetration and anesthetic efficiency, which could be applied as a promising anesthesia system.

Automated summary

Various strategies, including functionalized nanostructures, have been developed to overcome the stratum corneum barrier for topical anesthesia and pain relief. A novel compound PB-PEG-DSPE was synthesized and used to design TAT/PB LID NLC for the delivery of lidocaine hydrochloride, showing superior percutaneous penetration ability and anesthetic effect.