Factors associated with work-related burnout in NHS staff during COVID-19: a cross-sectional mixed methods study

Objectives To measure work-related burnout in all groups of health service staff during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify factors associated with work-related burnout. Design Cross-sectional staff survey. Setting All staff grades and types across primary and secondary care in a single National Health Service organisation. Participants 257 staff members completed the survey, 251 had a work-related burnout score and 239 records were used in the regression analysis. Primary and secondary outcome measures (1) Work-related burnout as measured by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory; (2) factors associated with work-related burnout identified through a multiple linear regression model; and (3) factors associated with work-related burnout identified through thematic analysis of free text responses. Results After adjusting for other covariates (including age, sex, job, being able to take breaks and COVID-19 knowledge), we observed meaningful changes in work-related burnout associated with having different COVID-19 roles (p=0.03), differences in the ability to rest and recover during breaks (p<0.01) and having personal protective equipment concerns (p=0.04). Thematic analysis of the free text comments also linked burnout to changes in workload and responsibility and to a lack of control through redeployment and working patterns. Reduction in non-COVID-19 services has resulted in some members of staff feeling underutilised, with feelings of inequality in workload. Conclusions Our analyses support anecdotal reports of staff struggling with the additional pressures brought on by COVID-19. All three of the factors we found to be associated with work-related burnout are modifiable and hence their effects can be mitigated. When we next find ourselves in extraordinary times the ordinary considerations of rest and protection and monitoring of the impact of new roles will be more important than ever.

Automated summary

The study found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, different roles in COVID-19, differences in rest and recovery abilities, and concerns about personal protective equipment were associated with work-related burnout. Thematic analysis of free text comments also linked burnout to changes in workload and responsibilities, as well as a lack of control in redeployment and working patterns.