Journal
HEALTHCARE
Volume 9, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9040415
Keywords
informal caregiving; unpaid family caregivers; labour force participation; income; labour supply
Funding
- National Social Science Foundation of China [16CRK012]
- National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [71110107025, 71233001, 71490732]
- UNFPA
- NIH [R01AG023627]
- FEM of ECNU
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The study found a negative relationship between caregiving time and income for women, while no such relationship existed among men, providing new insights into the opportunity costs of unpaid caregiving.
Unpaid family caregivers might suffer losses in income as a result of care provision. Here we used data from the baseline survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study to assess the relationship between hours of weekly caregiving provided to grandchildren/parents/parents-in-law and individual's monthly employment income. Our study sample comprised 3718 middle-aged Chinese adults who were of working age (45-60 years). For women and men separately, we used a likelihood-based method to determine a caregiving threshold in a two-stage Heckman selection procedure. Instrumental variables were used to rule out the endogeneity of caregiving hours. Our analysis revealed a negative association between caregiving and income for women that depended on a caregiving threshold of 63 h per week. There was an absence of caregiving-income relationship among men. These results offer new insights into the opportunity costs of unpaid caregiving and support tailored policies to protect the financial well-being of female caregivers.
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