Journal
SMALL SCIENCE
Volume 1, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202000076
Keywords
2D materials; in situ and operando; lithium batteries; supercapacitors
Funding
- National Key R&D Program of China [2016YFB0100100, 2016YFA0200200]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51872283, 21805273, 22005298, 22005297, 22075279]
- Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program, LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program [XLYC1807153]
- Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, Joint Research Fund Liaoning-Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science [20180510038]
- Dalian Innovation Support Plan for High Level Talents [2019RT09]
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP) [DICP ZZBS201708, DICP ZZBS201802, DICP I202032]
- DICPQIBEBT [DICPQIBEBT UN201702]
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), CAS
- DNL Cooperation Fund, CAS [DNL180310, DNL180308, DNL201912, DNL201915]
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The demand for portable energy-consuming devices in modern society has led to the development of high-power supercapacitors and high-energy batteries. 2D materials, with their unique physicochemical properties, hold special promise and characterization techniques like in situ and operando help uncover essential kinetic information for developing new materials with enhanced properties.
The urgent need of modern society for portable energy-consuming devices has boosted the development of high-power supercapacitors and high-energy batteries. Major prerequisites for augmenting wider practical applications are advanced electrode materials and deeper insights into the underlying electrochemical processes. Owing to their unique physicochemical properties, 2D materials, such as graphene, transition metal carbides, nitrides, and dichalcogenides, hold special promise. Characterizing their behavior under real operating conditions (operando) or at the site of operation (in situ) without disassembling the device helps uncover essential kinetic information, which may, otherwise, be lost. By identifying both harmful and beneficial mechanisms, these in situ and operando characterization techniques allow researchers to alleviate critical issues in existing materials and develop new materials with enhanced properties. Herein, a brief introduction including the preparation and the electrochemical energy storage application of 2D materials is first presented. The main concern, thereby, is the influence of preparation methods on the resulting electrode structure and electrochemical performance. Then, the electrochemical mechanisms underlying the operation of supercapacitors and lithium batteries are discussed in detail. Finally, the perspective and future direction of applying the in situ and operando techniques to model 2D materials in revealing some important processes are highlighted.
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