Journal
ANALYTICAL METHODS
Volume 13, Issue 8, Pages 1003-1012Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02071k
Keywords
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Funding
- University of Zanjan
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A highly sensitive and enzyme-free electrochemiluminescence probe based on ZnO nanoparticles on nickel foam was proposed for insulin determination. The electrode was characterized through various techniques and showed excellent performance during insulin determination.
In this study, a highly sensitive, fast, and enzyme-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe based on the decoration of zinc oxide nanoparticles on nickel foam is proposed for insulin determination. A silica film was employed as a size adjusting agent for the modification of the nickel foam surface with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The ECL of the ZnO NP/Ni foam was investigated in a natural medium in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an efficient co-reactant. With increasing insulin concentration, a remarkable improvement in ECL signal was observed, which proved the enhancing effect of insulin on the ECL emission. The characterization of the ZnO-NP/Ni-foam electrode was performed via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurement, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis techniques. The fabricated electrode was applied for the trace analysis of insulin using the ultrasensitive ECL method in a phosphate buffer solution. Under the optimal conditions, the results showed excellent performance during insulin determination with a wide linear range of 3.57 x 10(-15) M to 2.94 x 10(-9) M, a low detection limit of 1.00 x 10(-16) M, and a relative standard deviation of 1.03%. The proposed ECL sensor with excellent reproducibility, long-term stability, and high selectivity was used for insulin determination in real serum samples with acceptable outcomes.
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