Journal
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
Volume 64, Issue 14, Pages 2532-2551Publisher
ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2021.1875999
Keywords
Urban Ecosystem Services (UES); urban densification; compactness; multi-objective optimization; land use allocation; participatory process; decision-making; decision support system
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Funding
- National Research Foundation, Prime Minister's Office, Singapore under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) Programme [NRF2016-ITC001-013]
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Considering urban ecosystem services is increasingly important in planning compact cities. A multi-objective optimization approach using genetic algorithm is used to assess spatial tradeoffs between urban ecosystem services and compactness for sustainable development. The process is illustrated through a case study in Singapore where stakeholders' feedback loop is utilized for evaluation.
The consideration of urban ecosystem services becomes increasingly important when planning compact cities. We implement a multi-objective optimization approach to support decision-makers in their efforts to develop green and dense cities. Embedded in a participatory process, the applied genetic algorithm allows us to assess spatial tradeoffs between urban ecosystem services and compactness. The optimization model is embedded in a decision support system for interactive analysis and communication of the results, facilitating the engagement of planners to support sustainable development. We illustrate the process in a multi-level case study in Singapore, a tropical city state aiming to pursue its distinct greening strategy. The whole process, from the problem definition to the obtained solution set, is evaluated using a feedback loop with stakeholders. Using this approach, we identify robust and best-suited urban development locations as well as temporal prioritization schemes evolving around future public transportation nodes.
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