Cytotoxic constituents and a new hydroxycinnamic acid derivative from Leontodon saxatilis (Asteraceae, Cichorieae)

In our ongoing research for the discovery of new constituents with antimyeloma activity, we investigated 15 compounds present in the aerial parts of Leontodon saxatilis for their cytotoxic potential against NCI-H929, U266, and OPM2 cell lines. One of the isolated compounds displayed a new natural product and was identified as 5-feruloyl-2 alpha-hydroxyquinic acid after LC-MS and NMR experiments. Of the remaining compounds, cichoric acid and three flavone glycosides, apigenin 4 '-O-beta-d-glucoside, luteolin 7-O-beta-d-glucoside and luteolin 4 '-O-beta-d-glucoside, showed moderate cytotoxic activity, whereas the effects of two aglyones apigenin and luteolin were more pronounced. Though the cytotoxic potential of the two aglycones (against other cell lines) was reported in various studies, our work moreover showed that cooccurrence of these two compounds with similar components of lower activity led to comparable results and at the same time minimized the damage of healthy fibroblast cells. Thus, our work could be a starting point for additional studies on the synergistic effect of similar components against myeloma cell lines.

Automated summary

In this study, a new natural product with anti-myeloma activity was discovered from aerial parts of Leontodon saxatilis. Among the 15 compounds investigated, two flavone glycosides and two aglycones showed strong cytotoxic potential against myeloma cell lines. The presence of similar components with lower activity resulted in synergistic effects, providing a potential starting point for further research on the synergistic effect of similar components against myeloma cell lines.