Effect of Vinylene Carbonate Electrolyte Additive on the Surface Chemistry and Pseudocapacitive Sodium-Ion Storage of TiO2 Nanosheet Anodes

Although titanium dioxide has gained much attention as a sodium-ion battery anode material, obtaining high specific capacity and cycling stability remains a challenge. Herein, we report significantly improved surface chemistry and pseudocapacitive Na-ion storage performance of TiO2 nanosheet anode in vinylene carbonate (VC)-containing electrolyte solution. In addition to the excellent pseudocapacitance (similar to 87%), the TiO2 anodes also exhibited increased high-specific capacity (219 mAh/g), rate performance (40 mAh/g @ 1 A/g), coulombic efficiency (similar to 100%), and cycling stability (similar to 90% after 750 cycles). Spectroscopic and microscopic studies confirmed polycarbonate based solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation in VC-containing electrolyte solution. The superior electrochemical performance of the TiO2 nanosheet anode in VC-containing electrolyte solution is credited to the improved pseudocapacitive Na-ion diffusion through the polycarbonate based SEI (coefficients of 1.65 x 10(-14) for PC-VC vs. 6.42 x 10(-16) for PC). This study emphasizes the crucial role of the electrolyte solution and electrode-electrolyte interfaces in the improved pseudocapacitive Na-ion storage performance of TiO2 anodes.

Automated summary

This study reports significantly improved surface chemistry and pseudocapacitive Na-ion storage performance of TiO2 nanosheet anode in vinylene carbonate (VC)-containing electrolyte solution. The enhanced performance is attributed to the formation of a polycarbonate based solid electrolyte interface (SEI) in the electrolyte solution, leading to improved Na-ion diffusion and cycling stability. The crucial role of the electrolyte solution and electrode-electrolyte interfaces in the improved pseudocapacitive Na-ion storage performance of TiO2 anodes is emphasized.