Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 610-621Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d0ew00985g
Keywords
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21406022]
- Chongqing Science and Technology Commission [cstc2015jcyjA20017, cstc2017shmsA20015, cstc2016shmszx20012]
- Chongqing Education Commission [Kj1500610]
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research of Chongqing [1556034]
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The combination of gas phase surface discharge plasma with g-C3N4 photocatalysis shows remarkable efficiency in treating pharmaceutical contaminants, achieving significant removal rates for ibuprofen and tetracycline hydrochloride through degradation and promoting the generation of OH radicals.
The feasibility of using gas phase surface discharge with microporous bubbling for the degradation of pharmaceutical contaminants was evaluated. After 25 min of treatment, 82% removal of ibuprofen (with an initial concentration of 60 mg L-1) and 100% removal of tetracycline hydrochloride (with an initial concentration of 200 mg L-1) was achieved. To utilize the UV and visible radiation produced in the discharge process, a g-C3N4 photocatalyst was added into the solution to enhance the degradation efficiency. Adding 75 mg L-1 g-C3N4 can increase the removal of ibuprofen by 18% (initial concentration of 10 mg L-1) and tetracycline hydrochloride by 10% (initial concentration of 100 mg L-1) after 10 min of discharge treatment. The crystallinity of the used g-C3N4 became higher as the discharge treatment can planarize the g-C3N4 surface via oxidization. In addition, aqueous O-3, H2O2 and OH radicals under different conditions were measured to investigate the reaction mechanisms. The aqueous O-3 reaches saturation after 30 min of discharge but H2O2 kept accumulating during the two hour discharge. The average OH formation rate is 0.4191 mol L-1 min(-1) in distilled water but 0.5640 mol L-1 min(-1) with g-C3N4, which demonstrates the promotion of photocatalytic OH generation. Therefore, combining the bubbling gas phase surface discharge plasma with g-C3N4 photocatalysis leads to an extraordinary performance for the treatment of pharmaceutical additives.
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