Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 9, Issue 10, Pages 6393-6401Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d0ta11907e
Keywords
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Funding
- Deakin University
- Tsinghua-Foshan Innovation Special Fund [2019THFS0125]
- Alfred Deakin Postdoctoral Fellowship
- China Scholarship Council [201606930013]
- Australian Research Council [FT130100380, IH140100018, DP190103290]
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES) [CE140100012]
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This study successfully increased the doping efficiency of nitrogen-doped Ti3C2Tx MXene through a pre-intercalation strategy, significantly enhancing its electrochemical capacitance performance, providing a new pathway for the functionalization of Ti3C2Tx MXene.
Tremendous efforts have been dedicated towards high-performance energy storage devices though material innovation, nanoscale structural design and hybrid fabrication approaches. A crucial technique to tune the properties of nanomaterials, such as MXene, is through introducing defects or heteroatom dopants. To improve the level of nitrogen dopant, a two-step pre-intercalation-annealing strategy is developed herein, using ammonium citrate (AC) as an all-in-one intercalant, antioxidant and nitrogen source, followed by annealing in an ammonia atmosphere. It is shown that the doping efficiency of nitrogen-doped Ti3C2Tx MXene (N-MXene) increased from 3.5% to 6.3%, compared with MXene annealed in ammonia without pre-intercalation. This high doping level induces significantly enhanced electrochemical capacitance (475 F g(-1) at 5 mV s(-1)) compared with pristine MXene (321 F g(-1)), and greatly improved performance at high current density (248 F g(-1) at 1 V s(-1)). Modelling was performed to elucidate the N-doping process of MXene and to understand the mechanism enhancing the electrochemical capacitance, which indicates that the pre-intercalation strategy promotes N-doping as surface functionalization, as well as in the MXene lattice. The pre-intercalation strategy demonstrates a new and facile pathway for functionalizing Ti3C2Tx MXene which will facilitate use in applications such as in high performance supercapacitors.
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