Journal
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
Volume 24, Issue -, Pages 232-262Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.08.006
Keywords
Episodic memory; fMRI; PET; Normal aging; Alzheimer disease
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Age-related cognitive changes often include difficulties in retrieving memories, particularly those that rely on personal experiences within their temporal and spatial contexts (i.e., episodic memories). This decline may vary depending on the studied phase (i.e., encoding, storage or retrieval), according to inter-individual differences, and whether we are talking about normal or pathological (e.g., Alzheimer disease; AD) aging. Such cognitive changes are associated with different structural and functional alterations in the human neural network that underpins episodic memory. The prefrontal cortex is the first structure to be affected by age, followed by the medial temporal lobe (MTL), the parietal cortex and the cerebellum. In AD, however, the modifications occur mainly in the MTL (hippocampus and adjacent structures) before spreading to the neocortex. In this review, we will present results that attempt to characterize normal and pathological cognitive aging at multiple levels by integrating structural, behavioral, inter-individual and neuroimaging measures of episodic memory. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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