Journal
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
Volume 134, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250597
Keywords
Vimentin; Intermediate filaments; Virus infection; Virus binding; Virus entry; Virus trafficking; Virus replication; Virus assembly; Virus egress
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31970660]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai [19ZR1463000]
- Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project [20431900402, 2019SHZDZX02]
- Chemical Reagent & Instrumental Development Foundation of Shanghai [1914200700]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai Talent Development Funding
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Vimentin plays crucial roles in viral infections by facilitating virus entry and replication, as well as potentially inhibiting virus egress and participating in host cell defense. Understanding the functions and regulation of vimentin in the virus life cycle is important for identifying novel antiviral targets.
Epidemics caused by viral infections pose a significant global threat. Cytoskeletal vimentin is a major intermediate filament (IF) protein, and is involved in numerous functions, including cell signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, intracellular organization and cell migration. Vimentin has important roles for the life cycle of particular viruses; it can act as a co-receptor to enable effective virus invasion and guide efficient transport of the virus to the replication site. Furthermore, vimentin has been shown to rearrange into cage-like structures that facilitate virus replication, and to recruit viral components to the location of assembly and egress. Surprisingly, vimentin can also inhibit virus entry or egress, as well as participate in host-cell defense. Although vimentin can facilitate viral infection, how this function is regulated is still poorly understood. In particular, information is lacking on its interaction sites, regulation of expression, post-translational modifications and cooperation with other host factors. This Review recapitulates the different functions of vimentin in the virus life cycle and discusses how they influence host-cell tropism, virulence of the pathogens and the consequent pathological outcomes. These insights into vimentin-virus interactions emphasize the importance of cytoskeletal functions in viral cell biology and their potential for the identification of novel antiviral targets.
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