Dark-soliton-like magnetic domain walls in a two-dimensional ferromagnetic superfluid

We report a stable magnetic domain wall in a uniform ferromagnetic spin-1 condensate, characterized by the magnetization having a dark soliton profile with nonvanishing superfluid density. We find exact stationary solutions for a particular ratio of interaction parameters with and without magnetic fields, and develop an accurate analytic solution applicable to the whole ferromagnetic phase. In the absence of magnetic fields, this domain wall relates various distinct solitary excitations in binary condensates through SO(3) spin rotations, which otherwise are unconnected. Remarkably, studying the dynamics of a quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) system we show that standing wave excitations of the domain wall oscillate without decay, being stable against the snake instability. The domain wall is dynamically unstable to modes that cause the magnetization to grow perpendicularly while leaving the domain wall unchanged. Real-time dynamics in the presence of white noise reveals that this spin twist instability does not destroy the topological structure of the magnetic domain wall.

Automated summary

This study reports a stable magnetic domain wall characterized by the magnetization with a dark soliton profile and nonvanishing superfluid density in a uniform ferromagnetic spin-1 condensate. The research finds exact analytical solutions for specific interaction parameters, shows the relationship between various solitary excitations in binary condensates, and demonstrates the stability of standing wave excitations of the domain wall in a quasi-2D system. Additionally, the study reveals the dynamic instability of the domain wall to modes causing perpendicular magnetization growth without altering the domain wall, while also showing that spin twist instability in the presence of white noise does not destroy the topological structure of the magnetic domain wall.