Quantification of egg ovalbumin hydrolysate-derived anti-hypertensive peptides in an in vitro model combining luminal digestion with intestinal Caco-2 cell transport

Food-derived peptides can impact blood pressure through several mechanisms. However, their fate in. the gastrointestinal tract and bioavailability are difficult to assess because of their fast degradation and challenging analysis in physiologically relevant matrices. The aim of this study was to construct an in vitro bioavailability methodology in which luminal digestion is combined with Caco-2 cell transport. Egg ovalbumin hydrolysate, both in pure form and mixed with a food matrix, was used as a test case. Results indicate that a food matrix protected bioactive peptides from luminal digestion, especially in small intestine. Moreover, the Caco-2 absorption peak was extended over a longer time period (> 60 min) compared to the pure peptide solutions (similar to 15 min) which in total resulted in a 3-12 times higher absorption of the bioactive sequences after 60 min compared to fasted conditions. These results suggest further investigation is warranted towards peptide-based functional foods with improved gastro-intestinal stability and longer-term release in the blood.