4.2 Article

Many-body Majorana-like zero modes without gauge symmetry breaking

Journal

PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages -

Publisher

AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.023002

Keywords

-

Funding

  1. Academy of Finland [331342, 336243]
  2. Centre of Excellence in Quantum Technology (QTF) [336810]
  3. European Research Council [681311]
  4. Foundation for Polish Science through the IRA Programme
  5. EU within SG OP
  6. European Research Council (ERC) [681311] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)

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In this study, zero modes emerge in a many-body system without gauge symmetry breaking and in the absence of superconducting order, showing that robust Majorana-like zero modes may appear in a many-body system with no single-particle analogs.
Topological superconductors represent one of the key hosts of Majorana-based topological quantum computing. Typical scenarios for one-dimensional (1D) topological superconductivity assume a broken gauge symmetry associated to a superconducting state. However, no interacting 1D many-body system is known to spontaneously break gauge symmetries. Here, we show that zero modes emerge in a many-body system without gauge symmetry breaking and in the absence of superconducting order. In particular, we demonstrate that Majorana zero modes of the symmetry-broken superconducting state are continuously connected to these zero-mode excitations, demonstrating that zero-bias anomalies may emerge in the absence of gauge symmetry breaking. We demonstrate that these many-body zero modes share the robustness features of the Majorana zero modes of symmetry-broken topological superconductors. We further show that the interface between the interacting model and a 1D topological superconductor does not support Majorana modes. We introduce a bosonization formalism to analyze these excitations and show that a ground state analogous to a topological superconducting state can be analytically found in a certain limit. Our results demonstrate that robust Majorana-like zero modes may appear in a many-body system without gauge symmetry breaking, thus introducing a family of protected excitations with no single-particle analogs.

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