Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 9, Issue 20, Pages 12009-12018Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d1ta01180d
Keywords
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [61775091]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen Innovation Committee [JCYJ20180504165851864]
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory Project [ZDSYS201602261933302]
- National Key Research and Development of China [2018YFB1500103]
- Zhejiang Energy Group [znkj-2018-118]
- Science and Technology Development Fund from Macau SAR [FDCT-0102/2019/A2, FDCT-0035/2019/AGJ, FDCT-0154/2019/A3, FDCT-0081/2019/AMJ]
- University of Macau [MYRG2018-00003-IAPME]
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The use of a BCP:Ag complex effectively improves electron transport and electrical contact in semi-transparent perovskite solar cells, leading to higher fill factor and device efficiency. Additionally, the complex acts as a blocking layer to suppress charge recombination and protect the underlying materials from damage.
For semi-transparent perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the bombardment during the deposition of a transparent conductive oxide would inevitably damage the underlying soft materials, thereby inducing a high density of defects and creating an unfavorable band mismatch at the interface. Although interfacial buffer layers can be adopted to alleviate this bombardment damage, the device performance is still limited by the inferior fill factor (FF) due to the increased series resistance and the decreased carrier collection. In this work, a charge transfer induced 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP):Ag complex is employed to mediate the electrical contact between a C-60 electron-transport layer and sputtered indium-zinc oxide (IZO) top electrode. We demonstrate that the multifunctional BCP:Ag complex can (1) reduce the electron extraction barrier by pulling up the Fermi level of BCP, (2) create beneficial gap states for electron transport, (3) serve as a hole blocking layer to suppress charge recombination, and (4) protect the C-60 underlayer from the sputtering damage. As a result, the optimized electrical contact at the C-60/BCP:Ag/IZO interface significantly recovered the FF of the inverted semi-transparent perovskite solar cell from 71.8% to 80.1%, yielding a device efficiency of 18.19%. By using a 23.19% efficient silicon solar cell, we also demonstrate a four-terminal tandem configuration with a total efficiency of 27.59%.
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