Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B
Volume 9, Issue 12, Pages 2899-2908Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02728f
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61875191, 61735016, 62075217, 51772122, 11874354, 11874355, 61575194, 21673218, U2003127]
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications [SKLA-2019-02, SKLA-2020-09]
- Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [LR17F050001]
- Science and Technology Developing Project of Jilin Province [20180101176JC]
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The research team developed an efficient NIR-IIb nanoprobe Er3+ self-sensitized NaErF4:0.5%Tm3+@NaLuF4, which significantly enhanced the 1525 nm emission efficiency for high-resolution imaging and in vivo physiological dynamic imaging.
Traditional sensitizer (Yb3+ or Nd3+) and activator (Er3+) co-doped lanthanide-based nanoprobes possessing emission of Er3+ at 1525 nm have attracted much attention in NIR-IIb bio-imaging. However, the 1525 nm fluorescence efficiency was not high enough in such co-doped systems due to the serious back energy transfer from the activator to the sensitizer, resulting in a lot of excitation energy loss. Herein, we have designed an efficient NIR-IIb nanoprobe Er3+ self-sensitized NaErF4:0.5%Tm3+@NaLuF4, where substantially all the excitation energy could contribute to Er3+ ions and most energy transfer processes were confined among Er3+ ions, avoiding the energy dissipation by heterogeneous sensitizer ions. The influence of the types of epitaxial heterogeneous shells, the doping effect and optimal doping concentration of Tm3+ ions, as well as the critical shell thickness for obtaining the surface quenching-assisted downshifting emission are systematically investigated to acquire the most efficient 1525 nm luminescence under 800 nm excitation. The quantum yield in the 1500-1700 nm region reached 13.92%, enabling high-resolution through-skull cerebrovascular microscopy imaging and large-depth in vivo physiological dynamic imaging with an extremely low excitation powder density of 35 mW cm(-2). The designed nanoprobe can be potentially used for brain science research and clinical diagnosis.
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