Mix design of high performance concrete with different mineral additions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the modeling of statistical variation of experimental data using the design of experiments method to optimize the formulation of a high performance concrete (HPC) using materials that are locally available in Algeria. For this, two mineral additions (natural pozzolana and limestone filler [LF]) were used. Both additions are added by substitution of cement up to 25%. To better appreciate the effect of replacing a part of cement by natural pozzolana and LF and to optimize their combined effect on the characteristics of HPC, an effective analytical method is therefore needed to reach the required objective. Design/methodology/approach The experimental part of the study consisted of substituting a portion of cement by various proportions of these additions to assess their effects on the physico-mechanical characteristics of HPC. A mixture design with three factors and five levels was carried out. The JMP7 software was used to provide mathematical models for the statistical variation of measured values and to perform a statistical analysis. These models made it possible to show the contribution of the three factors and their interactions in the variation of the response. Findings The mixture design approach made it possible to visualize the influence of LF and pozzolanic filler (PF) on the physico-mechanical characteristics of HPC, the developed models present good correlation coefficients (R-2 = 0.82) for all studied responses. The obtained results indicated that it is quite possible to substitute a part of cement with LF and PF in the formulation of a HPC. Thanks to the complementary effect between the two additions, the workability could be improved and the strengths drop could be avoided in the short, medium and long term. The optimization of mixture design factors based on the mathematical models was carried out to select the appropriate factors combinations; a good agreement between the experimental results and the predicted results was obtained. Originality/value The coefficient of PF in Cs-28 model is closer to that of LF than in Cs-7 model, thanks to the complementary effect between LF and PF at the age of 28 days. It was found that the optimal HPC14 concrete (10%LF-5%PF) provides the best compromise between the three responses. It is also worth noting that the use of these two local materials can reduce the manufacturing costs of HPC and reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. This can be an important economic and environmental alternative.

Automated summary

The purpose of this study was to model the statistical variation of experimental data in order to optimize the formulation of high performance concrete (HPC) using locally available materials in Algeria. The study found that by substituting a portion of cement with natural pozzolana and limestone filler, it is possible to improve workability and avoid strength drop in the short, medium and long term. The optimized HPC14 concrete (10% LF - 5% PF) provides the best compromise between the different responses, with good correlation coefficients for all studied responses.