Optimization of biodiesel production by transesterification of palm oil and evaluation of biodiesel quality

The energy demand for the world is rising rapidly and standard sources of energy are going to face the chances of exploitation. Uncontrolled emissions, huge price rise etc promotes the search for new substitute fuel in diesel engines. Processed form of palm oil(biodiesel) provides an attractive green alternative fuel to CI engines. Esters of vegetable oil have properties similar to that of conventional diesel fuel. Therefore biodiesel can be used to operate a diesel engine without further modification. The aim of the project is to make biodiesel from palm oil by Transesterification reaction. The acid value of palm oil was found to be 0.957 which enabled direct alkaline transesterification. The optimum catalyst concentration and alcohol concentration required for maximum yield were found as 2.5 wt% and 40 wt% of oil respectively. The properties of biodiesel produced were found to be comparable with that of ASTM biodiesel standards. The performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel were compared with diesel fuel by conducting load tests. Compared to diesel fuel, emissions from biodiesel powered engines are lower, therefore it serves as an eco-friendly fuel. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Biodiesel produced from palm oil serves as a green alternative fuel for diesel engines, with properties comparable to conventional diesel fuel but lower emissions. The Transesterification process enables direct alkaline reaction for biodiesel production, showing promising results for eco-friendly energy sources in the future.