Solanum steroidal glycoalkaloids: structural diversity, biological activities, and biosynthesis

Covering: up to 1 October 2020 Solanum steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGA), characterized by nitrogenous steroidal aglycone and glycoside residues, mainly occur in the Solanum species, including economically important edible plants such as potato, tomato, and eggplant. To date, 107 SGA assigned to six total skeletons have been identified from Solanum plants. SGA have unique structures and display significant pharmacological activities such as cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anticholesterol, and some are well-known poisons. The biosynthesis pathway, transcriptional regulation, and the evolution of SGA are also examined in detail. This report updates the chemical knowledge of the naturally occurring SGA from Solanum species, thereby providing an in-depth analysis of their diversity, biological activities, and biosynthesis.

Automated summary

SGA, characterized by nitrogenous steroidal aglycone and glycoside residues, mainly exist in Solanum species and have been identified to have 107 different types. They have unique structures and exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, including cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects, as well as toxicity.