Journal
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
Volume 106, Issue -, Pages 193-201Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.048
Keywords
Mycotoxin; Estrogen; Mass spectrometry; Risk assessment
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Funding
- German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)
- U.S. Department of Energy
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration
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Zearalenone (ZEN) is a well-studied mycotoxin whose potent estrogenic properties have been used by international regulatory bodies to set health-based guidance values for ZEN exposure in grain-based foods from changes in hormonally responsive tissues of juvenile female pigs. The role of metabolism in determining estrogenic responses in vivo is a major uncertainty in inter-species extrapolation to humans and in assessing the potential for added susceptibility in sensitive subpopulations. This study evaluated the metabolism of ZEN and pharmacokinetics in similar to 2 month-old female pigs using oral and intravenous dosing. The absolute bioavailability (AUC(oral)/AUC(IV)) of receptor-active ZEN aglycone was 1.8 +/- 0.80%, consistent with extensive pre-systemic Phase II conjugation. Reductive metabolism to alpha-zearalenol (alpha-ZEL) was extensive, with smaller amounts of beta-ZEL. When combined with its higher binding affinity, relative to ZEN and beta-ZEL, alpha-ZEL was the predominant contributor to total estrogen receptor ligand activity (similar to 90%) after oral dosing with ZEN. The apparent similarities of reductive and Phase II conjugation metabolism of ZEN between pigs and humans support the use of juvenile female pigs as a sensitive model for risk assessments of estrogenic effects from dietary ZEN. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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