Effects of Ultrasound, High Pressure, and Manosonication Processes on Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Properties of a Sulfur Dioxide-Free Mulberry (Morus nigra) Wine

The present investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of ultrasound, high pressure, and manosonication on phenolic profile in correlation to antioxidant properties of aged mulberry wines (AMWs). The results indicated a positive effect of non-thermal processes on total phenol content of the AMW conversely to total anthocyanin content, which was negatively affected by pressurization and manosonication. With regard to total flavonoid content, sonication was found to exert a positive effect. A similar trend was also observed for each of the 18 phenolic compounds quantified. The outcome suggests that these phenolic compounds have potent antioxidant properties. From correlation analysis, phenolic acids were noted to be responsible for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, and hydrogen peroxide capacities, while total antioxidant, ferric reducing antioxidant power, reducing power, cupric ion, metal chelating, lipid peroxidation, superoxide anion, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid), nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radical capacities were attributed to flavonols and anthocyanins.