A Review of Protein Hydrolysates and Bioactive Peptides Deriving from Wastes Generated by Fish Processing

Fish wastes offer tremendous unexploited potential for value adding for such materials, collagen, gelatin, and hydrolysate. Additionally, fish waste may be suitable for the production of bioactive peptides that exhibit strong antihypertensive, antioxidative, and anticancer activities. This paper reviews the production of purified bioactive peptides from various fish waste protein hydrolysates via enzymatic hydrolysis after enzyme screening and optimization. The purification of bioactive peptides is carried out using ultra- and gel filtration as well as the RP-HPLC method. Purified peptide characterizations in terms of molecular weight, amino acid sequence, and composition are also provided, illustrating that peptides with low molecular weight and short amino acid sequences are more potent as bioactive peptides. Hence, further studies are encouraged to examine the bioactivity and bioavailability of protein peptides derived from fish wastes, especially those with anticancer characteristics.