Recent Advances on Application of Ultrasound and Pulsed Electric Field Technologies in the Extraction of Bioactives from Agro-Industrial By-products

Agro-industrial by-products are rich sources of natural bioactive compounds and their valorisation is a must for global food sustainability. Along with conventional techniques, numerous novel methods have been developed and optimised to facilitate extraction of the bioactives in sustainable and efficient manner. This review summarises the recent advances in the application of novel extraction technologies for various classes of bioactive molecules from agro-industrial by-products with special emphasis on two emerging techniques, i.e. ultrasound- and pulsed electric field-assisted extraction. These two technologies have shown promising extraction efficacy with reduced usage of extraction solvents, thus saving time and cost. The mechanism through which these techniques aid extraction, the various parameters affecting their efficacy, integration with other novel techniques, and promising applications for by-product valorisation are discussed.