Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 774, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145770
Keywords
Simulated epithelial lung fluid; Lung cell; Absorption assay; Correction parameter
Categories
Funding
- Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China [2014A020216036]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51638005]
- Dean's Research fund 2018-19 of The Education University of Hong Kong [FLASS/DRF/TFG-6]
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The inhalation bioavailability of PAHs in indoor PM2.5 samples from Guangzhou, China was analyzed in this study, with higher bioaccessibility observed under inflammatory conditions. Lung cell absorption experiments showed an inverse relationship between PAH absorption rate and the number of aromatic rings.
Inhalation bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 was assessed in numerous studies, however, the lung cell uptake and penetration of PAHs was seldom taken into account in risk assessment. In the present study, eighteen indoor PM2.5 samples collected from Guangzhou, China were analyzed for the inhalation bioavailability of PAHs combining the inhalation bioaccessibility and cell absorption of PAHs. Two simulated epithelial lung fluid mimicking the healthy condition (as represented by gamble's solution (GMB), pH = 7.4) and the inflammatory condition (as represented by artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF), pH = 4.5) were employed to evaluate the inhalation bioaccessibility. The results indicated that the bioaccessibility of PAHs under the inflammatory condition (1.28%-87.7%) was higher than that under healthy condition (0.88%-87.6%). Naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene were selected for absorption assay of lung epithelial cells (A549). The absorption rate of PAHs ranged from64.7 to 90.7% and itwas inversely proportional to the number of aromatic rings. Taken together, the inhalation bioavailability based on the bioaccessibility of PAHs and the lung cell absorption ratio ranged from 9.9 to 56.9% under the healthy state, from 12.7 to 65.6% under inflammatory condition. The correction parameter (F-c) was thus established and can be used to improve the risk assessment of human exposure to PAHs via PM2.5 inhalation in future work. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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