4.2 Article

Electrospinning of Electroconductive Water-Resistant Nanofibers of PEDOT-PSS, Cellulose Nanofibrils and PEO: Fabrication, Characterization, and Cytocompatibility

Journal

ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS
Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 483-493

Publisher

AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00989

Keywords

electrospinning; cellulose nanofibrils; poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene); poly(ethylene oxide); nanofiber; composite; cyclic voltammetry; biocompatibility

Funding

  1. Academy of Finland [298325]
  2. Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation
  3. Novo Nordisk Fonden [NNF16OC0021626]
  4. SmartBio Biocity Turku Research Program
  5. Academy of Finland (AKA) [298325, 298325] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)

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Electrically conductive composite nanofibers were successfully fabricated using electrospinning technique with PEDOT-PSS, CNFs, PEO, and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether. The fibers exhibited high stability in water and high electrical conductivity, making them suitable for bioelectrochemical applications. The composite fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and showed high electroactivity and stability in water for at least two months, with slight modifications in morphology due to dissolution of PEO.
Electrically conductive composite nanofibers were fabricated using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) via the electrospinning technique. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was used to assist the electrospinning process, and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether was used to induce chemical crosslinking, enabling stability of the formed fibrous mats in water. The experimental parameters regarding the electrospinning polymer dispersion and electrospinning process were carefully studied to achieve a reproducible method to obtain bead-free nanofibrous mats with high stability after water contact, with an electrical conductivity of 13 +/- 5 S m(-1), thus making them suitable for bioelectrochemical applications. The morphology of the electrospun nanofibers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the C/S ratio was determined with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Cydic voltammetric studies showed that the PEDOT-PSS/CNF/PEO composite fibers exhibited high electroactivity and high stability in water for at least two months. By infrared spectroscopy, the slightly modified fiber morphology after water contact was demonstrated to be due to dissolution of some part of the PEO in the fiber structure. The biocompatibility of the PEDOT-PSS/CNF/PEO composite fibers when used as an electroconductive substrate to immobilize microalgae and cyanobacteria in a photosynthetic bioelectrochemical cell was also demonstrated.

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