Journal
FIRE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 53, Issue 6, Pages 1985-2006Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10694-017-0667-x
Keywords
Subway tunnel fire; Slope tunnel; Tunnel blockage; FDS simulation; Back-layering length; Critical velocity
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFC0800603]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51323010]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [WK2320000035]
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Critical velocity and smoke back-layering length are two of the determining parameters to the fire risk assessment of subway tunnel. These two parameters of a sloping subway tunnel with train blockage were investigated both experimentally and numerically in this paper. To address the influences of slope, the slopes of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15% in downhill subway tunnel were studied and the height (H) of the tunnel was replaced by the inclined tunnel height (). The train model with a dimension of 2 m (length) x 0.3 m (width) x 0.38 m (height) was also chosen in simulations and experiments for the tunnel blockage. Thenceforward, 30 reduced-scale experimental and 150 numerical scenarios were analyzed to predict the critical velocity and smoke back-layering length in various sloping subway tunnels. Six different heat release rates including 5.58, 11.17, 16.67, 22.35, 27.94, and 33.52 kW were considered in the experiments and five different heat release rates including 2.79, 5.58, 8.38, 11.17 and 16.67 kW were considered in the simulations. Based on the comparison in the horizontal tunnel, numerical results were quite consistent with the experiments. The results showed that train blockage influenced the smoke back-layering length, and the critical velocity increases with the tunnel slope. Finally, empirical models were developed to predict the critical velocity and smoke back-layering length in a sloping subway tunnel with train blockage.
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