Journal
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
Volume 5, Issue 11, Pages 2840-2859Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d1se00447f
Keywords
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Funding
- International Cooperation and Exchange of National Natural Science Foundation of China [51620105011]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51776026]
- High Level Foreign Experts program - Ministry of Science and Technology, P. R. China [G20190022001]
- Program for Back-up Talent Development of Chongqing University [cqu2017hbrc1B06]
- Innovation Support Foundation for Returned Overseas Scholars, Chongqing, China [cx2017058]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2018CDXYDL0001]
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Membrane-less microfluidic fuel cells (M-MFCs) have rapidly developed in the past twenty years as emerging chip-based power sources, offering advantages such as low cost, simple structure, and superior flexibility compared to membrane-separated micro fuel cells. These technologies have made significant progress towards providing affordable power solutions for chip-based microsystems.
In the past twenty years, membrane-less microfluidic fuel cells (M-MFCs) have undergone a rapid development as emerging chip-based power sources. They possess enormous advantages compared to congeneric membrane-separated micro fuel cells, including low costs, simple structures, superior flexibility, and the absence of membrane-related issues. As a promising micro power source, the technology has undergone significant progress towards providing an affordable solution for powering chip-based microsystems. This review provides a broad and balanced insight into the route towards performance enhancement, starting with a general description of the technology. We analyse the power-generation properties with respect to the thermodynamics and electrochemical kinetics, including fuel/oxidant type, acid-base properties, operating temperature, and electro-catalytic reactions. Moreover, we provide much needed insight into the charge and mass transport phenomena, examining the influence of electron and ion transport, reactant concentration, fuel/electrolyte flow rate, gas-liquid two-phase flow, and the cell design based on various electrode structures and a virtual membrane. Finally, we discuss the open challenges and briefly provide guidance for future industrial M-MFCs' applications.
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