Journal
MATTER
Volume 4, Issue 5, Pages 1683-1701Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2021.02.020
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Funding
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERC grant) [714067]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [VA 991/2-1, 424216076, SPP 2196]
- Israel Science Foundation [488/16]
- Adelis Foundation for renewable energy research within the framework of the Grand Technion Energy Program
- Technion Ollendorff Minerva Center
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Studies find that recombination at grain boundaries is diffusion limited and inversely proportional to the grain area to the power of 3/2. The prevalence of small grains, which act as recombination hot spots, dictates the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells.
Non-radiative recombination in the perovskite bulk and at its interfaces prohibits the photovoltaic performance from reaching the Shockley-Queisser limit. While interfacial recombination has been widely discussed and demonstrated, bulk recombination and especially the influence of grain boundaries remain under debate. Most studies explore the role of grain boundaries on perovskite films rather than devices, making it difficult to link the film properties with those of the devices. Here, we systematically investigate the effects of grain boundaries on the performance of perovskite solar cells by two different methods. By combining experimental characterization with theoretical device simulations, we find that the recombination at grain boundaries is diffusion limited and hence is inversely proportional to the grain area to the power of 3/2. Consequently, the prevalence of small grains-which act as recombination hot spots-across the perovskite active layer dictates the photovoltaic performance of the perovskite solar cells.
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