Journal
BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS
Volume 4, Issue 10, Pages 1547-1566Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/batt.202100006
Keywords
in situ; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; batteries; mechanism; anode materials
Funding
- Australian Research Council (ARC) [LP160101629, DP210101486, LE180100141, DP200101862]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [U1904216]
- AINSE Limited
- Australian Research Council [LE180100141] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
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Synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) can accurately elucidate the electrochemical reaction mechanisms of batteries by probing dynamic electronic and local atomic structure information. This review introduces the basic principles and design strategies for in situ XAS experiments, summarizes significant studies of battery anodes, and outlines current challenges and future opportunities based on XAS measurements.
Taking advantage of a high-flux light source, synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) beamline is able to perform in situ/ex situ, element-selective, and qualitative/quantitative experiments to elucidate electrochemical reaction mechanisms of batteries accurately and efficiently. In situ synchrotron XAS probes dynamic electronic and local atomic structure information, including valence state, charge transfer, local geometry and symmetry, bond number/length/type and disorder degree, of target elements of significance during battery operation, which facilitates to promote the development of rechargeable batteries by building accurate structure-performance relationships fundamentally. In this review, the basic principles for XAS are briefly introduced, design strategies for in situ XAS experiments are proposed, salient in situ XAS studies of battery anodes are summarized, and current challenges and future opportunities based on XAS measurements are also outlined.
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