4.5 Article

Tapping birdwatchers to promote bird-friendly coffee consumption and conserve birds

Journal

PEOPLE AND NATURE
Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages 312-324

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10191

Keywords

bird-friendly coffee; birds; birdwatchers; coffee; conservation; shade-grown coffee

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Although many coffee farms have shifted to full-sun cultivation, an increasing number of birdwatchers are paying attention to bird-friendly coffee certifications, showing a preference for considering the ecological environment of birds when purchasing coffee.
Though coffee was traditionally grown as an understory crop beneath mature trees (i.e. 'shade-grown' coffee), most farms have been converted to full-sun monocultures over time, which fail to support ecosystem services or biodiversity. The conversion from shade- to sun-grown coffee has prompted the development of environmentally focused certifications, such as Smithsonian Bird Friendly((R)) coffee, as one market-based strategy to incentivize sustainable production of coffee. Birdwatchers, of which there are 45 million in the US alone, are among the primary targets for coffee certifications-partly due to their high propensity to participate in and pay for conservation activities that benefit birds. Yet birdwatchers still represent a small market share of certifications, and their purchasing preferences relatively unknown. In 2016, we administered an online survey to 912 donors and/or members of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology who self-identified as coffee drinkers and 'birdwatchers' to assess their familiarity with, receptivity to purchase, and perceived constraints on purchasing certified coffee. Nearly half (49%) of respondents reported considering bird habitat when purchasing coffee. However, only 38% of respondents were familiar with the Smithsonian Bird Friendly((R)) certification and only 9% reported purchasing it. Consumers who were older, female, and more skilled at birdwatching were more likely to consider birds when purchasing coffee, whereas those with higher levels of education were less likely. The highest rated constraints on buying bird-friendly coffee were lack of awareness, cost, and lack of availability. Because most birdwatchers considered both social and environmental impacts when purchasing coffee, they may be a promising market segment for many coffee certifications. Indeed, about half of the birdwatchers purchased organic (50%) and Fair Trade((R)) (52%) certifications. Our results suggest that uptake of bird-friendly coffee may be strengthened by better communicating the impact of coffee production on bird habitat, the unique attributes of bird-friendly coffee (including the high-quality taste), differences among certification standards and credibility, and easy ways to find and purchase bird-friendly coffee. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article. Resumen Tradicionalmente el cafe era producido como un cultivo de sotobosque bajo arboles maduros (i.e. 'cafe de sombra'), no obstante, a lo largo del tiempo, la mayoria de las fincas fueron convertidas a monocultivos con plena exposicion solar las cuales no favorecen los servicios ecosistemicos ni la biodiversidad. Dicha conversion ha propiciado el desarrollo de certificaciones enfocadas en aspectos ambientales tales como Smithsonian Bird Friendly((R)) (amigables con las aves) que constituyen una estrategia de mercado para incentivar la produccion sostenible de cafe. Los observadores de aves, alrededor de 45 millones de personas solo en los Estados Unidos, estan dentro del objetivo principal de dichas certificaciones-en parte por su alta propension a participar y pagar por actividades de conservacion que beneficien a las aves. Sin embargo, los observadores de aves continuan representando una pequena proporcion del mercado de las certificaciones, y sus patrones de consumo son relativamente desconocidos. En el ano 2016, y con el objetivo de estimar la familiaridad con las certificaciones, la receptividad de compra y las restricciones que se perciben en el acceso a cafes certificados, interrogamos 912 donantes y/o miembros del Laboratorio de Ornitologia de la Universidad de Cornell quienes se identificaron a si mismos como consumidores de cafe y observadores de aves a traves de una encuesta en linea. Alrededor de la mitad de los encuestados (49%) reportaron considerar el habitat para las aves cuando compran cafe. No obstante, solo el 38% de los encuestados estaban familiarizados con la certificacion Smithsonian Bird Friendly((R)) y solo el 9% reportaron comprar cafes con dicha certificacion. Los consumidores mayores, mujeres, y con mayor habilidad en la observacion de pajaros fueron mas propensos a considerar las aves como un criterio en su decision de compra, en tanto que los encuestados con mayores niveles de educacion fueron menos propensos. Dentro de las principales barreras identificadas para comprar cafes amigables con las aves se evidenciaron la falta de conocimiento, los costos y la poca disponibilidad. Los observadores de aves constituyen un segmento muy promisorio para las certificaciones puesto que suelen considerar los impactos tanto sociales como ambientales cuando compran cafe. De hecho, alrededor de la mitad de los observadores de aves reportaron demandar cafe con certificaciones organico (50%) y comercio justo Fairtrade((R)) (52%). Nuestros resultados sugieren que la penetracion de mercado de los cafes amigables con las aves puede ser fortalecida comunicando mejor el impacto que sobre el habitat de las aves puede tener la produccion de cafe, evidenciando los atributos unicos que se le pueden atribuir al cafe de sombra (incluida alta calidad del cafe), informando las diferencias entre las diversas certificaciones, sus estandares y su credibilidad, asi como facilitando mecanismos mas accesibles para encontrar y comprar cafes amigables con las aves. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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