4.5 Review

Tracheostomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparison of International Perioperative Care Protocols and Practices in 26 Countries

Journal

OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
Volume 164, Issue 6, Pages 1136-1147

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1177/0194599820961985

Keywords

tracheostomy; tracheotomy; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; novel coronavirus; intensive care; intensive care unit; ventilator; weaning; aerosol generating procedure; AGP; patient safety; quality improvement; health care workers; ethics; pandemic; timing; infectivity

Ask authors/readers for more resources

Tracheostomy protocols for COVID-19 patients vary widely worldwide, with most recommending at least 14 days of intubation before the procedure and negative COVID-19 test results prior to tracheostomy. The use of N95 or higher PPE is universal, with both open and percutaneous techniques reported. Timing of tracheostomy changes postoperatively range from 5 to over 30 days, sometimes conditional on negative COVID-19 test results.
Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a global surge in critically ill patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, some of whom may benefit from tracheostomy. Decisions on if, when, and how to perform tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19 have major implications for patients, clinicians, and hospitals. We investigated the tracheostomy protocols and practices that institutions around the world have put into place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Data Sources Protocols for tracheostomy in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection from individual institutions (n = 59) were obtained from the United States and 25 other countries, including data from several low- and middle-income countries, 23 published or society-endorsed protocols, and 36 institutional protocols. Review Methods The comparative document analysis involved cross-sectional review of institutional protocols and practices. Data sources were analyzed for timing of tracheostomy, contraindications, preoperative testing, personal protective equipment (PPE), surgical technique, and postoperative management. Conclusions Timing of tracheostomy varied from 3 to >21 days, with over 90% of protocols recommending 14 days of intubation prior to tracheostomy. Most protocols advocate delaying tracheostomy until COVID-19 testing was negative. All protocols involved use of N95 or higher PPE. Both open and percutaneous techniques were reported. Timing of tracheostomy changes ranged from 5 to >30 days postoperatively, sometimes contingent on negative COVID-19 test results. Implications for Practice Wide variation exists in tracheostomy protocols, reflecting geographical variation, different resource constraints, and limited data to drive evidence-based care standards. Findings presented herein may provide reference points and a framework for evolving care standards.

Authors

I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.

Reviews

Primary Rating

4.5
Not enough ratings

Secondary Ratings

Novelty
-
Significance
-
Scientific rigor
-
Rate this paper

Recommended

No Data Available
No Data Available