Journal
HEALTHCARE
Volume 9, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050586
Keywords
non-functional overreaching; DOMS; fatigue; performance; monitoring
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This study investigated the variations of well-being ratings relative to the Hooper Index during a soccer season based on players' positions. The findings revealed significant differences in well-being status among different playing positions at various stages of the season, with stress and sleep quality showing significant increases from Early- to End-season. The main implication of the study is to raise coaches' awareness of their players' well-being fluctuations throughout the season to prevent injuries, overtraining, and overreaching, particularly in young elite soccer players.
The current study surveyed weekly and daily variations of well-being ratings relative to the Hooper Index (HI): fatigue (wFatigue), stress (wStress), delayed onset muscle soreness (wDOMS), and sleep quality (wSleep) during a soccer season based on players' positions. The full-season was divided into three meso-cycles: Early season, week (W)1 to W7; Mid-season, W8 to W13, and End-season, W14 to W20. Twenty-six young players participated in the study (age, 15.5 +/- 0.2 years; height, 172.9 +/- 4.2 cm; body mass, 61.4 +/- 5.6 kg; body fat, 8.6 +/- 2.9%; VO2max, 48.4 +/- 2.4 mL.kg(-1).min(-1); maturity offset, 1.9 +/- 0.3 years). Participants played in the same team and competed in Iran national under-16 competitions. Well-being status was monitored on training days using the HI questionnaire. The main result was a significant difference between well-being status 5 days before match day (MD) and 4 days before MD, compared to MD for all playing positions (p <= 0.001). The highest and lowest records occurred during End-season for wDOMS (strikers = 11.5 +/- 8.4 arbitrary units (AU)), Early season (central defenders = 9.5 +/- 0.7 AU) and for wFatigue (central midfielders = 11.4 +/- 0.9 AU), and Early season (wide defenders = 9.7 +/- 0.7 AU), respectively. Overall, the results showed a significant increase in wStress and wSleep for all players' positions from Early- to End-season. The main application of this study is to make coaches aware of their players' well-being fluctuations throughout the full season, especially in young elite soccer players, and to avoid injuries, overtraining, and overreaching as much as possible.
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