Cooling process of brown dwarfs in Palatini f(R) gravity

We present an analytical model for the evolution of brown dwarfs in quadratic Palatini f(R) gravity. We improve previous studies by adopting a more realistic description of the partially degenerate state that characterizes brown dwarfs. Furthermore, we take into account the hydrogen metallic-molecular phase transition between the interior of the brown dwarf and its photosphere. For such an improved model, we revise the cooling process of substellar objects.

Automated summary

The study presents an analytical model for the evolution of brown dwarfs in quadratic Palatini f(R) gravity, improving on previous studies by incorporating a more realistic description of the partially degenerate state and considering the hydrogen metallic-molecular phase transition. The revised cooling process for substellar objects is also addressed in this improved model.